Posts Tagged digital communities

Andy’s Week 10 Review

I feel a lot of analysis of my learning journey this week was covered in my last post – The Fog Clears. Although this was essentially a discussion of Sian’s paper – Uncanny Digital Pedagogies – it really helped me get my head around Block 3. The Cyborg Metaphor of Haraway, and subsequent research has been extremely challenging for me, not just in understanding and analysing the subject, but the actual subject matter of potential cyborg culture itself. Dystopic images of the future was not something I had signed up for on this course. But because of Haraway’s inclusion in the course, I now feel in a position to evaluate to what extent digital technology is shaping my thinking. This in turn has obvious relevance to e-learning and the impact upon teaching and learning.

When I look back over my week’s lifestream – and indeed the previous 2-3 before that, it is noticeable there appears fewer entries. I identify this as having more to do with reading core and secondary texts rather than reduced activity. What I do see in the lifestream though is a developing maturity and acceptance of technology in my thinking. Two particular issues stand out for me – embodiement and situated learning.

” If embodiment is an existential condition in which the body is the subjective source or intersubjective ground of experience, then studies under the rubric of embodiment are not ‘about’ the body per se. Instead they are about culture and experience insofar as these can be understood from the standpoint of bodily being-in-the-world.”
p. 143Thomas Csordas in Perspectives on Embodiment by Weiss, G. and Haber, H., (eds.). Routledge; March, 1999

If I draw upon a before and after scenario, I could potentially identify my academic self as being embodied in both my mind and text books, notes and essays. Now, my embodiement encompasses a lifestream and blog. Yet somehow, my lifestream and blog feel more personal. Whether or not this is to do with the fact digital culture is the actual subject matter of my studies, but I now feel I think of my learning in relation to the time chronology of blogging. The development of my lifestream correlates with my comprehension of the the subject. I wonder if this relates to classmates feeling because they hav not been feeding their lifestreams, like a tamagochi, they get a sense of under-nourishment. The lifestream encompasses the embodiement of our learning.

This now brings me to the issue of situated knowledge. The only shared activity I have been involved in over the last three weeks have been commenting on other blogs, and the Skype tutorial. There appears to be a consensus on cyborg metaphors being challenging but worthwhile, and learning in digital environments new, exciting but unfamiliar (uncanny). I now perceive my situated knowledge as being on the cusp of somewhere new – but definately not at its destination yet. This is because I am not convinced there yet exists a distinctive boundary between a subjective and objective understanding. For 10 weeks I have studied the subject – Digital Culture. I have done so within the confines of digital environments, using digital applications with participants who already possess a positive stance on the use of technology. Through a combination of the course readings and social interaction, the class appear to have developed a consensus view that digital culture can enhance learning. But does this make our stance objective?

Objective When we say that knowledge is objective we are making authoritative claims about its standing. Actually, objectivity is an essentially contested concept in the philosophies of science and the social sciences; it is usually invoked to convey a sense of truthfulness and to offer a cloak of legitimacy for a particular story – it is a mark of authoritative knowledge.

Open University: Learning Space – The Social in Social Science http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=2055

At present, I feel conscious of my own situated learning being subjective. When I discuss digital culture with individuals outside the course, I am naturally confronted with their “uncanny” unfamiliarity and scepticism. I can identify with the merits of lifestreaming and blogging, but ti what extent is that because I have not only been studying the subject – I’ve been practicing it too? In order to properly evolve onto the realms of objective, situated learning, I believe I have to test the hypothethis of digital learning within the context of another subject. So take for example,  Social Care students. A crucial element of their training involves self-reflective practice. I perceive lifestreams and blogging as appropriate mediums for Social Care students to practice. But it is only by supporting their engagement with digital technology, and seeing other individuals develop using them successfully, will I feel truelly within the realms of objective learning.

I now suddenly feel aware I may have subconsciously produced a part, first draft of my assessment summarising my lifestream.

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Andy’s Week 7 review

For a variety of reasons, this appears to have been my most inactive week on the course. I certainly have made few contributions to my lifestream. The reality is -

  • I have expereinced personal upheaval within my career.
  • It has been a period of little communication within the class, with everyone focussing on their ethnographic projects.
  • Most of my study time has been take up compiling data for my micro study and developing an effective means of presenting it.

I am composing this post immediately after posting my ethnographic study on You Tube. It is my intention to view and comment on other students’ projects over next 2 days. I hope then to have gained a clearer understanding of ethnographic research.

For now, I shall reflect upon my own study. With hindsight, I am glad I chose to analyse Steelmen Online, as oposed to joining a new community. Not only was I able to study a familiar community, as a forum member for 3-4 years, I was also able to reflect upon my own online behaviour. This helped enormously with regards issues of ethics. I originally felt wary of reviewing Steelmen Online because I was so engaged with it. I was wary of my bias. However, my web research of ethnographic research assured me that, rather than being wary of biasness, familiarity of the community is good -

Theoretical Propositions of Media Ecology (from Lum 2006: 32-33)

1. “communication media are not neutral, transparent, or value-free conduits for carrying data or information … media’s intrinsic physical structure and symbolic form plays a defining role in shaping what and how information is to be encoded and transmitted and therefore how it is to be decoded.”

2. all media are “biased” From Nystrom we know the following biases:

  • intellectual and emotional biases based on symoblic forms
  • spatial, temporal, and sensory biases based on physical structure
  • political biases based on accessibility of symbolic forms
  • social biases based on different types of social situations created by physical form
  • metaphysical biases due to the way they organize time and space
  • content biases based on symbolic and physical forms
  • all of this adds up to different epistemological biases


3. These biases can “facilitate various psychic or perceptual, social, economic, political, and cultural consequences.”

http://ksudigg.wetpaint.com/page/Guiding+Insights?zone=addthis

More on bias -

For the ethnographer, Dicks et al. (2005: 128) caution that the internet should never be read as a ‘neutral’ observation space as it always remains a fieldwork setting and, as such, a researcher’s data selection and analyses are always biased by agendas, personal histories, and social norms. That being said, the role of observer can still sometimes be considered ‘passive’ in the eyes of
bloggers and chat room users if the researcher is not overtly interacting with them.

Murthy p840 http://octavioislas.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/digital-etnography-sociology-sept-2008.pdf

Once I had chosen my subject, and study aims, I realised I was analysing a culture that I was a part of. The behaviour, opinions, values and attitudes of the Steelmen Online community were part shaped by me. It was not me, as a social scientist influencing my subject(s) – I was part of the subject in the first place.

Once I realised this phenomenon, I found myself relax more into my research. My study focused on the capacity of the community as a whole, to filter objectivity and subjectivity. On numerous occasions, I have found myself at odds with forum members. I have criticised and argued on discussion threads before. But this does not matter. I am one voice on the forum. The significance of the study was how the majority of participants interacted, and reacted to news and comments from others.

Having completed the study, I now look forward to returning to regular interaction with my fellow students. I anticipate regular contributions to my lifestream next week.

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Andy’s Ethnography Study – Steelmen Online

YouTube Preview Image

This is not a study of a bunch of blokes talking about football.

This is an ethnographical analysis of a digital community, self regulating objective and subjective discourse on matters pertinent to the group. As a regular participant of this community, the study serves as an analysis of my personal online behaviour and offers an insight of my opinions on the subject matter. I confess to participating in this community almost as much as this educational forum.

OK, this IS a study of a bunch of blokes talking about football.

I think I have spent almost as much time piecing the video together as carrying out the research. Once again, I find this course not only expanding my knowledge and understanding of digital culture – but developing my skills in engaging online by new methodologies. So now I am a digital film maker. I have used Windows Movie Maker. I have found it film editing format straight forward, but have faffed about with audio levels, trying to get an acceptable volume. It still sounds quiet. So if you are really interested, here is my script -

Steelmen Online – an ethnological study
At the game, the community of fans is obvious. But how does a community of football fans behave in a digital environment? What do they talk about? How do they interact? Is the community just as united as at the match?

This is a micro-study of one of the principle Motherwell fans forums. As an ethnological study, this film intends to offer examples of how fans interact with one another online. All members may be united in their affection for Motherwell FC and blatently biased with their opinions. But how effective is the community in ascertaining facts?

As a lifelong fan of the club, I am also a member and periodic participant of Steelmen Online. If I am honest, I should confess I hit this website more than any other. As a fan, I want to know everything that is happening at the club – who’s in, who’s out – who’s fit or injured. Any insights on future signings???

I am going to highlight some of the online discussions, and show how forum members not only share, news, gossip and opinions, but also try to filter out fact from fiction. It could be argued this is a personal reflective study of why I spend so much time on the forum – well in a way I suppose it is…

The forum offers opportunities to share information – rate players performance – have a good rant when things go wrong – especially after a bad defeat..

Motherwell FC actually have a fairly good website of their own. It’s updated daily, and keeps fans informed of latest club news. To some extent, it feeds off the success of the fans forum as a previous forum adminsistrator has now been appointed by the club as an official media officer.

But the club website can only report official news. Steelmen Online is where you go to get the insider stuff – the gossip, personal comments, and the drivel…

Over the summer months – during the close season, Motherwell underwent significant change. Several players contracts were up and rumours were rife others were to be sold. Forum discussions normally run between 1 and 20 pages. However this Ins and Out thread ran to 175.

This particular rumour here about Clarky turned out to be true. But in amongst the opinion, notice how some members make comment about the legitimacy of the story and enquire just how close to the club did the story originate.

Apart from the odd accurate gem like this one, fans generally had to feed off stories from the media – but then in Mid June things really hotted up…

Jim Gannon the new manager, was an unknown quantity in Scotland, who kept his cards close to his chest with regards transfer targets and signed players no-one had heard of. Impact on the forum – members lost and left to simply comment on who had come in.

The manager kept his word and signed a string of new players. Forum members were kept content. Anyone who did offer a story got grilled by other members.

As the new manager maintained his stance on only announcing targets, once they were signed, so Steelmen Online taught itself to accept the lack of inside stories and challenge anyone who came online to offer a scoop.

The ins&out thread gradually disintegrated into other topics and peetred out some weeks ago. But for me, it showed how the forum sought to recognise fact and fiction.

Earlier in the summer, there had been rumours about this young player Paul Slane moving on. However he picked up an injury and hasn’t played this season. Forum members now seem content to wait for him to return rather than speculate his future.

Similarly, players who haven’t featured much due to either injury or being dropped attracted a lot of gossip about being transferred out the club. This thread started off with a simple enquiry about a long term injured player who has not played since last season. It quickly evolved into speculation and discussion about others who are not playing in the team at present. However, notice in this thread how as soon as someone claims to have heard something, they are challenged by other members on where their story may have come from. The general consensus appears to ride on encouraging players to full health and form. The forum appears to allow members to express their thoughts and opinions, but the community seldom accepts any news at face value.

This particular story about the manager moving to another club actually eminated from a forum member finding a news story in a local paper in England. If the story made the Scottish nationals or the BBC it would be a huge story. However after voicing some opinion on the story, the discussion quickly died out as there was never any further comment from the media. The forum saw it as purely press speculation and moved on.

The forum community has learned to cope with the lack of news leaks from the club and content itself with commenting on real events. So far, this is not difficult to accept since the new manager has made a significant positive impact on the club and results are good. Like many fans, I had accepted that just because a player wasn’t in the team, didn’t mean his departure from the club was imminent. That’s until the manager announces to the world his thoughts on fringe players…..

Like other members, as soon as I heard this – I dived straight to the obvious place – Steelmen Online.

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Andy’s Week 6 Review

This has been a disjointed week of study, and reviewing my lifestream is less significant than reflecting upon my analysis of my studies in relation to personal circumstances. As I have been focussing upon the ethnographic study, I have not been posting many Tweets, tags or blogs. Due to critical work issues, I have also had to break off studies for a few days. Ones reflection on this week, I really have taken ownership of my lifestream. I value it as a journal, a digital, bread crumb trail of my learning. But now it looks as though it has a hole in it, simply because there are a few days missing between entries. I can’t decide just now whether this is significant, symbolic or just whimsical analysis.

For Week 5 Review, I commented on how uncertain I was about ethnography, but enthusiastic about studying a topic dear to my heart – Motherwell FC. I concluded there was nothing wrong with immersing myself in something completely partial and biased. Indeed, in analysing not only Steelmen Online – a fans’ online forum – I could use ethnography to offer an explanation of why its members actually interact online in the first place.

In terms of academic analysis, our class community provided a follow up article by Christine Hine that I found useful. This short paper summarised her stance on digital ethnography and provided me with some reassurance, my thoughts were along the right lines.

We can use ethnography to investigate the ways in which use of the Internet becomes socially meaningful.
Virtual ethnography is necessarily partial. Our accounts can be based on strategic relevance to particular research questions rather than faithful representations of objective realities.
Intensive engagement with mediated interaction adds an important reflexive dimension to ethnography.
This is ethnography of, in and through the virtual – we learn about the Internet by immersing ourselves in it and conducting our ethnography using it, as well as talking with people about it, watching them use it and seeing it manifest in other social settings.
http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/christine_hine.htm

These comments have helped me value the fact that as an active member of the Steelmen Online Forum, I am not merely an observer of the community. I share some, most or all of the motivators for participating in the forum already. Therefore if I focus upon one of my motivators – namely, how useful is the forum as a source of information? My ethnographic study will not only answer my question, but throw light on the the community’s capacity to manage objectivity and subjectivity.

Ethically, I have had contact with the site administrator, who has given the green light. His only comment was to maintain confidentiality. This I feel is relatively easy to do. With the exception of members who are friends in real life – and know one another’s avatar and identity – everyone is anonymous.

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Andy’s Week 5 Review

First and foremost, weekly review acknowledges interim feedback on lifestreaming and blogging for the course. To date, my reviews have described my learning for the week, and the impact upon my thoughts and practice. From this week, I shall review the contents of my lifestream and reflect more upon the academic analysis of digital culture.

With the start of Block 2, all studies have involved acquiring an understanding of ethnography, particularly within digital environments. My lifestream consists almost entirely of del.icio.us tags on the subject, and Twitter dialogue regards digital community subjects. From the moment I started my research, I became aware I was entering pioneer territory, with a lack of previous tracks. Ethnography maygo back to the Samoan analogues of Margared Mead, but analysing digital media appears like walking on virgin snow.

It is not as though there is a lack of sources to define digital-ethnography, but for this scholar at least, there appears a vague, non-methodical quality to such research. Let me illustrate by drawing upon extracts from my tags:

From the Greek: Ethnos “foreigner:” graphos “writing.” Ethnography, “writing about others.” Dictionary definition

and

“A dearly held assumption is that field notes are data and reflect what “really” happened.  We trust that quotation marks reveal words that have been truly spoken.  This is often an illusion… 
“In such situations, we become playwrights, reconstructing a scene for the insight of our readers, depicting ongoing events in our minds (Bartlett 1932): turning near-fictions into claims of fact.”  (Gary Alan Fine, “Ten Lies of Ethnography”, The Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 22 (1993):  p.277)  both from http://www.cf.ac.uk/socsi/hyper/ht99/Ethnography.html

Theoretical Propositions of Media Ecology (from Lum 2006: 32-33)

1. “communication media are not neutral, transparent, or value-free conduits for carrying data or information … media’s intrinsic physical structure and symbolic form plays a defining role in shaping what and how information is to be encoded and transmitted and therefore how it is to be decoded.”

2. all media are “biased” From Nystrom we know the following biases:

  • intellectual and emotional biases based on symoblic forms
  • spatial, temporal, and sensory biases based on physical structure
  • political biases based on accessibility of symbolic forms
  • social biases based on different types of social situations created by physical form
  • metaphysical biases due to the way they organize time and space
  • content biases based on symbolic and physical forms
  • all of this adds up to different epistemological biases

http://ksudigg.wetpaint.com/page/Guiding+Insights

To date, my understanding of research methodology has always accepted reality and the truth as being essential aims of a study. However, even before considering a study topic, I am having to reconsider my stance on the importance of truth. Ethnography offers me licence to describe my subject in my own way – be it through text or visual presentation. I should record my observations and interactions as I see them. The result should be unashamedly bias – in terms of how I see it.

This raises an important ethical issue then – in order for my account to reflect my subject as accurately as possible, I should be able to see and feel the community, as others do. My bias should be their bias too.

In its most characteristic form it involves the ethnographer participating,overtly or covertly in people’s daily lives for an extended period of time, watching what happens, listening to what is said, asking questions – in fact, collecting whatever data are available to throw light on the issues that are the focus of the research. Hine p41

Hine goes on to state the ethnographer is not merelya voyeur or observer, but to some extent a participant, sharing some of the concerns, emotions and commitments of the subjects. This has had an impact upon my choice of digital community subject. I had intended to identify an online academic group that would have offered some links to this course. However, I consider this issue of membership important.

This therefore draws me towards other aspects of my life. Football. I am a member of a community group. It is an emotional bond, and one that is heavily biased. As a member of an online discussion forum – Steelmen Online – I regularly share facts, views and memories with other sad individuals who follow Motherwell FC. In examining the criteria for the micro-study in Block 2, I actually feel attracted to analysing this community. My insight of its members is based solely upon the contributions each makes to the group. Topics, arguments, insight and language  vary. The only common denominator that joins its members is affiliation to Motherwell FC.

My wife understands my emotional bond to following my football team, but has often queried the amount of time I give over to reading and posting comments on the fans forum. So now I have an opportunity to find out.

At the time of writing, tutors and students are clarifying ethical issues around carrying out such studies. I have tried tocontribute to this task by finding some ethics papers and adding them to my lifestream. I hope I get the go ahead – because I’m clearly going to love studying my topic.

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Digital Community – Steelmen Online

In studying this course, I have found myself challenging and being challenged by stereotypes and prejudice. I infer to the attitudes towards digital citizens – those who spend much time engaged in online communication. Friends and family frequently make reference to geeks, boffins, sci-fi buffs, cretons, social inadequates, etc.

In identifying my choice of digital community to analyse, I now find myself potentially challenging another stereotype – that of British bloke, laddish culture. My initial resistence to choosing Steelmen Online (Motherwell FC)has been an image of a bunch of blokes blethering online about football. Is a community, dedicated to a small, mediocre Scottish football team mature enough to merit analysis?  However, having been a member for some years now, I have actually encountered a relatively high level of social interaction and analysis.

In considering my choice, I have been drawn to my own motivation for participating in the forum myself. I do it for information, news and opinions on Motherwell FC. I therefore propose to carry out an observational study on the discussion board. The analysis will involve taking snapshots of information from the discussion boards – particularly around the signing of new players, and comparing it to reality. How does the community respond to personal correspondance, gossip, speculation and opinion? How does the information compare with the public media? How important does the community place upon the truth?

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Ethnography and Digital Communities

When I saw the activities for Block 2 in the Course Handbook, I thought this would be the part I felt most at home. I’m a sociologist by trade.

Online or virtual community is the gathering of people, in an online “space” where they come, communicate, connect, and get to know each other better over time. From that point on, the rest is up to you. Your community will be what you and your members make of it! http://www.fullcirc.com/community/communitywhatwhy.htm

That seems straight forward – I should find any collection of individuals with some form of common identity who interact with one another online. OK

“A dearly held assumption is that field notes are data and reflect what “really” happened.  We trust that quotation marks reveal words that have been truly spoken.  This is often an illusion… 
“In such situations, we become playwrights, reconstructing a scene for the insight of our readers, depicting ongoing events in our minds (Bartlett 1932): turning near-fictions into claims of fact.”  (Gary Alan Fine, “Ten Lies of Ethnography”, The Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 22 (1993):  p.277)  http://www.cf.ac.uk/socsi/hyper/ht99/Ethnography.html

This implies whatever I study, I should appear to use a strategy, but it can all be made up!!!

After reading some of the course texts and half an hour surfing digital ethnography, I appear little the wiser. Is this pioneering territory? I feel another learning journey coming on.

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